estimates are based upon a calculation of full work, subject to the decreases of from one-eighth to one-fourth, and a still greater reduction, when work is scarce, which is not unfrequently the case.

All the above workmen are thus paid by the piece.

Four chairs of men are capable of working out nine or ten pots of metal weekly, holding each sixteen or eighteen hundred pounds' weight of Glass. One-third of the whole produce may be of the best and finest quality, for chandelier, or table Glass; one third for lamp-chimney glasses, tumblers, chemical apparatus, ink-stands, roughened moons, and other articles, not requiring to be entirely colourless, although equally as free from specs and striæ as the very best Glass; and about the remaining third, and sometimes much more, of the common phials or perfumery bottles. The clearest Glass is always found in the middle of the pot. Of course, the proportion of work will materially vary according to the nature of the demand; and as no manufacturer can regulate proportion, kinds, or qualities demanded, they will sometimes be in excess for the fine goods, or for the coarse, as it may happen. The phial-makers may be almost standing still for work, when the castor-hole workmen have more than can be accomplished in a reasonable time; so that the manager, although he may have plenty of orders in the aggregate, is sometimes at a loss for such orders as will suit the metal, or the chairs, at the moment he may be arranging the work at each change of the move, or every six hours. The manager is also puzzled with minor difficulties: many of the articles by the book numbers, regulating the piece prices, remunerate the workmen indifferently, compared with other articles; he may be driven, therefore, for the